Revision of the genus Phanerotoma Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) from China, with descriptions of twenty-four new species

The Chinese species of the genus Phanerotoma (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) are revised. In total, 44 species are recognised, of which 24 are newly described: P. acclivirugata sp. nov., P. acuticlypealis sp. nov., P. aequidentata sp. nov., P. coronaria sp. nov., P. crassitibialis sp. nov., P. duae sp. nov., P. emeishanensis sp. nov., P. flavicephala sp. nov., P. fuscisternalis sp. nov., P. inclinata sp. nov., P. longzhouensis sp. nov., P. macrodentata sp. nov., P. microdentata sp. nov., P. montana sp. nov., P. nigricornis sp. nov., P. nigritarsis sp. nov., P. ovatipeltata sp. nov., P. quadratimaculata sp. nov., P. tegularis sp. nov., P. tenebricosa sp. nov., P. thoracica sp. nov., P. truncata sp. nov., P. zhaoi sp. nov.and P. zhejiangensis sp. nov. In addition, six species are newly recorded for China: P. brunneivena van Achterberg, 2021, P. grapholithae Muesebeck, 1933, P. offensa Papp, 1989, P. producta Watanabe, 1937, P. semenowi Kokujev, 1900 and P. tritoma (Marshall, 1898). Phanerotoma flavida Enderlein, 1912 is synonymised with P. orientalis Szépligeti, 1902, and P. ejuncida van Achterberg, 2021 is renamed P. ejuncidoides van Achterberg nom. nov. This revision is a systematic overview of the morphological features considered reliable for the identification of the Chinese species, such as the relative size of the lower tooth of the mandible, the morphology of the female antenna, the number and size of the medio-ventral teeth of the clypeus, the morphology of the female hypopygium and of the metasomal carapace. These features have been photographed to illustrate variation and to facilitate identification; hopefully, it will be a template for future research in this genus.